{"product_id":"american-iron-16071900-johns-hopkins-studies-in-the-history-of-technology-9780801868160","title":"American Iron  1607-1900 (Johns Hopkins Studies in the History of Technology)","description":"\u003cp\u003eBy applying their abundant natural resources to ironmaking early in the eighteenth century  Americans soon made themselves felt in world markets. After the Revolution  ironmakers supplied the materials necessary to the building of American industry  pushing the fuel efficiency and productivity of their furnaces far ahead of their European rivals. In American Iron  1607-1900  Robert B. Gordon draws on recent archaeological findings as well as archival research to present an ambitious  comprehensive survey of iron technology in America from the colonial period to the industrys demise at about the turn of the twentieth century. Closely examining the techniquesthe \"hows\"of ironmaking in its various forms  Gordon offers new interpretations of labor  innovation  and product quality in ironmaking  along with references to the industrys environmental consequences. He establishes the high level of skills required to ensure efficient and safe operation of furnaces and to improve the quality of iron product. By mastering founding  fining  puddling  or bloom smelting  ironworkers gained a degree of control over their lives not easily attained by others.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45280452050997,"sku":"ByrdShop_0801868165","price":45.49,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0627\/8139\/0901\/files\/9780801868160.jpg?v=1780636854","url":"https:\/\/atxbooks.com\/products\/american-iron-16071900-johns-hopkins-studies-in-the-history-of-technology-9780801868160","provider":"ATX Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}