{"product_id":"direct-action-radical-pacifism-from-the-union-eight-to-the-chicago-seven-9780226811307","title":"Direct Action: Radical Pacifism from the Union Eight to the Chicago Seven","description":"\u003cp\u003eDirect Action tells the story of how a small group of \"radical pacifists\"nonviolent activists such as David Dellinger  Staughton Lynd  A.J. Muste  and Bayard Rustinplayed a major role in the rebirth of American radicalism and social protest in the 1950s and 1960s. Coming together in the camps and prisons where conscientious objectors were placed during World War II  radical pacifists developed an experimental protest style that emphasized media-savvy  symbolic confrontation with institutions deemed oppressive. Due to their tactical commitment to nonviolent direct action  they became the principal interpreters of Gandhism on the American Left  and indelibly stamped postwar America with their methods and ethos. Genealogies of the Civil Rights  antiwar  and antinuclear movements in this period are incomplete without understanding the history of radical pacifism.  Taking us through the Vietnam war protests  this detailed treatment of radical pacifism reveals the strengths and limitations of American individualism in the modern era.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45965883211829,"sku":"ByrdShop_0226811301","price":23.16,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0627\/8139\/0901\/files\/9780226811307.jpg?v=1788372024","url":"https:\/\/atxbooks.com\/products\/direct-action-radical-pacifism-from-the-union-eight-to-the-chicago-seven-9780226811307","provider":"ATX Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}