{"product_id":"elusive-equality-desegregation-and-resegregation-in-norfolks-public-schools-9780813932880","title":"Elusive Equality: Desegregation and Resegregation in Norfolk's Public Schools","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn Elusive Equality  Jeffrey L. Littlejohn and Charles H. Ford place Norfolk  Virginia  at the center of the Souths school desegregation debates  tracing the crucial role that Norfolks African Americans played in efforts to equalize and integrate the citys schools. The authors relate how local activists participated in the historic teacher-pay-parity cases of the 1930s and 1940s  how they fought against the school closures and \"Massive Resistance\" of the 1950s  and how they challenged continuing patterns of discrimination by insisting on crosstown busing in the 1970s and 1980s. Despite the advances made by local activists  however  Littlejohn and Ford argue that the vaunted \"urban advantage\" supposedly now enjoyed by Norfolks public schools is not easy to reconcile with the citys continuing gaps and disparities in relation to race and class. In analyzing the history of struggles over school integration in Norfolk  the authors scrutinize the stories told by participants  including premature declarations of victory that laud particular achievements while ignoring the larger context in which they take place. Their research confirms that Norfolk was a harbinger of national trends in educational policy and civil rights. Drawing on recently released archival materials  oral interviews  and the rich newspaper coverage in the Journal and Guide  Virginian-Pilot  and Ledger-Dispatch  Littlejohn and Ford present a comprehensive  multidimensional  and unsentimental analysis of the century-long effort to gain educational equality. A historical study with contemporary implications  their book offers a balanced view based on a thorough  sober look at where Norfolks school district has been and where it is going.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45651827949621,"sku":"ByrdShop_0813932882","price":98.27,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0627\/8139\/0901\/files\/9780813932880.jpg?v=1781841493","url":"https:\/\/atxbooks.com\/products\/elusive-equality-desegregation-and-resegregation-in-norfolks-public-schools-9780813932880","provider":"ATX Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}