{"product_id":"hizballah-in-lebanon-the-politics-of-the-western-hostage-crisis-9780312164911","title":"Hizb'Allah in Lebanon: The Politics of the Western Hostage Crisis","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe abduction of Western citizens by HizbAllah was motivated either by internal organisational requirements or in alignment with Syrian and Iranian interests  and mechanisms for the resolution of the hostage-crisis were subject to continuous interaction between HizbAllah  Iran  and Syria influenced by internal Lebanese  regional  and international events. The Western responses to the hostage-crisis showed limited effectiveness as the crisis management techniques were poorly adjusted in timing and direction to the actual crisis environment. With the exception of the French response  the overall employment of Western crisis management techniques showed disregard for the opportunities and constraints in the fluctuating relationship between Syria and Iran as well as the political environment within Lebanon which the Hizballah operates and exists. This was clear by their failure to rely on either Iran or Syria as the only channel in negotiations over hostages without regard to their individual ability to exert its influence over the Lebanese movement in accordance with shifts in their ties to Hizballahs command leadership between 1987-1991 and to the status of the Iranian-Syrian relationship over time  as displayed by the friction between 1986-92. This study provides a new approach in the study of terrorism by merging a case-study of the dynamics of the Lebanese hostage-crisis with an evaluation of Western responses through crisis management techniques in order to more closely resolve the dilemma of the fulfilment of these states duty to protect their citizens taken hostage abroad  without major sacrifices in the conduct of foreign policy.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45646678786101,"sku":"ByrdShop_0312164912","price":133.82,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0627\/8139\/0901\/files\/9780312164911.jpg?v=1781677163","url":"https:\/\/atxbooks.com\/products\/hizballah-in-lebanon-the-politics-of-the-western-hostage-crisis-9780312164911","provider":"ATX Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}