{"product_id":"introduction-to-metamathematics-bibliotheca-mathematica-9780720421033","title":"Introduction to Metamathematics (Bibliotheca Mathematica)","description":"\u003cp\u003eStephen Cole Kleene was one of the greatest logicians of the twentieth century and this book is the influential textbook he wrote to teach the subject to the next generation. It was first published in 1952  some twenty years after the publication of Gadels paper on the incompleteness of arithmetic  which marked  if not the beginning of modern logic  at least a turning point after which nothing was ever the same. Kleene was an important figure in logic  and lived a long full life of scholarship and teaching. The 1930s was a time of creativity and ferment in the subject  when the notion of computable moved from the realm of philosophical speculation to the realm of science. This was accomplished by the work of Kurt Gade1  Alan Turing  and Alonzo Church  who gave three apparently different precise definitions of computable. When they all turned out to be equivalent  there was a collective realization that this was indeed the right notion. Kleene played a key role in this process. One could say that he was there at the beginning of modern logic. He showed the equivalence of lambda calculus with Turing machines and with Gadels recursion equations  and developed the modern machinery of partial recursive functions. This textbook played an invaluable part in educating the logicians of the present. It played an important role in their own logical education.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45651527204917,"sku":"ByrdShop_0720421039","price":131.28,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0627\/8139\/0901\/files\/9780720421033.jpg?v=1781835445","url":"https:\/\/atxbooks.com\/products\/introduction-to-metamathematics-bibliotheca-mathematica-9780720421033","provider":"ATX Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}