{"product_id":"the-criminalization-of-black-children-race-gender-and-delinquency-in-chicagos-juvenile-justice-system-18991945-justice-power-and-politics","title":"The Criminalization of Black Children: Race  Gender  and Delinquency in Chicagos Juvenile Justice System  18991945 (Justice  Power  and Politics)","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the late nineteenth century  progressive reformers recoiled at the prospect of the justice system punishing children as adults. Advocating that childrens inherent innocence warranted fundamentally different treatment  reformers founded the nations first juvenile court in Chicago in 1899. Yet amid an influx of new African American arrivals to the city during the Great Migration  notions of inherent childhood innocence and juvenile justice were circumscribed by race. In documenting how blackness became a marker of criminality that overrode the potential protections the status of child could have bestowed  Tera Eva Agyepong shows the entanglements between race and the states transition to a more punitive form of juvenile justice.  In this important study  Agyepong expands the narrative of racialized criminalization in America  revealing that these patterns became embedded in a justice system originally intended to protect children. In doing so  she also complicates our understanding of the nature of migration and what it meant to be black and living in Chicago in the early twentieth century.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44946822627381,"sku":"ByrdShop_1469636441","price":48.18,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0627\/8139\/0901\/files\/9781469636443.jpg?v=1769967915","url":"https:\/\/atxbooks.com\/products\/the-criminalization-of-black-children-race-gender-and-delinquency-in-chicagos-juvenile-justice-system-18991945-justice-power-and-politics","provider":"ATX Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}