{"product_id":"the-decline-of-american-steel-how-management-labor-and-government-went-wrong","title":"The Decline of American Steel: How Management  Labor  and Government Went Wrong","description":"\u003cp\u003eOnce the great symbol of American industrial strength  the steel industry by 1960 had begun its fall to a position of confusion and weakness  while its leading off-short competitors--primarily Germany and Japan--were surging into the world market. Most accounts of this shocking fall have focused on the short-sightedness of steel executives. But in The Decline of American Steel  Paul Tiffany offers a much broader perspective on the post-World War II steel industry  identifying the long-standing antagonism among steelmakers  government  and labor as the root of this industrys decline. Focusing in particular on the crucial interval from 1945 to 1960  Tiffany finds that a combination of public policy failure  excessive labor demands  and management shortcomings accounted for the industrys subsequent problems. Immediately after the war  the Truman administration  worried about what it believed would be pent up demand for steel  pressured the steel producers to expand capacity by building new mills. The industry was skeptical about increased demand and only reluctantly took the less expensive \"rounding out\" approach (adding on to existing mills)  instead of the more costly and time-consuming \"greenfield\" approach (building mills from scratch). As a result  the industry was saddled with obsolete mills and could not compete effectively with Germany or Japan. The leaders of the United Steel Workers union were equally short-sighted  says Tiffany  particularly during the disasterous strike of 1959  which permanently opened the doors to foreign steel. Neither steel managers  nor union leaders  nor several Administrations escape blame in this study. If they had worked together  Tiffany argues  the industry might have maintained its dominant position in the world market. Instead  they provide a valuable lesson for executives  union leaders  and politicians involved in any aspect of the national economy.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44946708987957,"sku":"ByrdShop_0195043820","price":92.44,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0627\/8139\/0901\/files\/9780195043822.jpg?v=1769962393","url":"https:\/\/atxbooks.com\/products\/the-decline-of-american-steel-how-management-labor-and-government-went-wrong","provider":"ATX Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}