{"product_id":"the-ethics-police-the-struggle-to-make-human-research-safe","title":"The Ethics Police?: The Struggle to Make Human Research Safe","description":"\u003cp\u003eResearch on human beings saves countless lives  but has at times harmed the participants. To what degree then should government regulate science  and how? The horrors of Nazi concentration camp experiments and the egregious Tuskegee syphilis study led the US government  in 1974  to establish Research Ethics Committees  known as Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) to oversee research on humans. The US now has over 4 000 IRBs  which examine yearly tens of billions of dollars of research -- all studies on people involving diseases  from cancer to autism  and behavior. Yet ethical violations persist.  At the same time  critics have increasingly attacked these committees for delaying or blocking important studies. Partly  science is changing  and the current system has not kept up. Since the regulations were first conceived 40 years ago  research has burgeoned 30-fold. Studies often now include not a single university  but multiple institutions  and 40 separate IRBs thus need to approve a single project. One committee might approve a study quickly  while others require major changes  altering the scientific design  and making the comparison of data between sites difficult.  Crucial dilemmas thus emerge of whether the current system should be changed  and if so  how. Yet we must first understand the status quo to know how to improve it. Unfortunately  these committees operate behind closed doors  and have received relatively little in-depth investigation. Robert Klitzman thus interviewed 45 IRB leaders and members about how they make decisions. What he heard consistently surprised him.  This book reveals what Klitzman learned  providing rare glimpses into the conflicts and complexities these individuals face  defining science  assessing possible future risks and benefits of studies  and deciding how much to trust researchers -- illuminating  more broadly  how we view and interpret ethics in our lives today  and perceive and use power.  These committees reflect many of the most vital tensions of our time - concerning science and human values  individual freedom  government control  and industry greed. Ultimately  as patients  scientists  or subjects  the decisions of these men and women affect us all.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44965398937653,"sku":"ByrdShop_0199364605","price":39.96,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0627\/8139\/0901\/files\/9780199364602.jpg?v=1770495417","url":"https:\/\/atxbooks.com\/products\/the-ethics-police-the-struggle-to-make-human-research-safe","provider":"ATX Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}