{"product_id":"totalitarian-science-and-technology-9781591023210","title":"Totalitarian Science and Technology","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis book considers how physicists  biologists  and engineers have fared in totalitarian regimes. Adolph Hitler and Joseph Stalin relied on scientists and engineers to build the infrastructure of their states. The military power of their regimes was largely based on the discovery of physicists and biologists. They sought to use biology to transform nature  including their citizens  with murderous effect in Nazi Germany. They expected scientists to devote themselves entirely to the goals of the state  and were intolerant of deviation from state-sponsored programs and ideology. As a result  physicists  biologists  and engineers suffered from the consequences of ideological interference in their work. Many lost their jobs; others were arrested and disappeared in prisons. In physics  this meant rejection of the theory of relativity  in biology in the USSR  the rejection of modern-day genetics.  In this revised edition  Josephson has also analyzed the uses of science and technology in such authoritarian regimes as North Korea  the Peoples Republic of China  and Cuba. He argues that politics plays an important role in shaping research and development in all countries  but nowhere with greater risk to citizens and the environment than in closed political systems.  Students of European  Chinese  and Russian history  history of science and technology  and environmental history will find provocative and informative discussions in this book.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":67924672970805,"sku":"ByrdShop_1591023211","price":249.88,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0627\/8139\/0901\/files\/9781591023210.jpg?v=1794139204","url":"https:\/\/atxbooks.com\/products\/totalitarian-science-and-technology-9781591023210","provider":"ATX Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}