Sons of the White Eagle in the American Civil War: Divided Poles in a Divided Nation

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This book describes nine transplanted Poles who participated in the Civil War. They span three generations and are connected by culture nationality and adherence to their principles and ideals. The common thread that runs through their livesthe Polish White Eagleis that they came from a country that had basically disintegrated at the end of the previous century yet they carried the concepts of freedom they inherited from their forefathers to the New World to which they immigrated. Once in America the pre-war political feuds ferocious ensuing battles captures prison camp escapes and privations of waroften in the words of the soldiers themselvesare fully described. More highly trained in warfare than their American brethrenand certainly more inured to struggles for nationhood the Poles made a more significant contribution to Civil war combat than is usually described. The first group had fought in the 1830 war for freedom from the Russian Empire. The European revolutionary struggles of the 1840s molded the next generation. The two of the youngest generation came of age just as the Civil War began entered military service as enlisted men and finished as officers. Of the group four sided with the North and four with the South and the other began in the Confederate cavalry and finished fighting for the Union side. All but one came from aristocratic backgrounds. In a war commonly categorized as a brother against brother a struggle between two American regions history has not devoted a great deal of attention to the participation of Poles and foreigners in general. These men fought with a belief in European democratic liberalism. Whether for the North to keep a Union together or to form a new nation from the Southern states they held to their ideals and in Americas own greatest conflict continued to fight for their beliefs. Nominated for the Gilder Lehrman Prize Table of Contents Foreword Introduction Explanatory Notes Chapter 1 Bearing the Standard in America Chapter 2 On the Approach to War 2.1 Polish Concepts of Freedom 2.2 Becoming Americans 2.3 Attitudes on the Eve of War Chapter 3 Allies to Adversaries 3.1 Gaspard Tochman 3.2 Adam Gurowski 3.3 Ignatius Szymaski Chapter 4 Adventurers and Patriots 4.1 Ludwik ychliski 4.2 Valery Sulakowski Chapter 5 The Model New American Officers 5.1 Wodzimierz Krzyanowski 5.2 Joseph Karg Chapter 6 Undying Grey and Dyed Blue 6.1 Peter Kiobassa and the Silesian Poles of Texas 6.2 Leon Jastremski Chapter 7 Reweaving an Uneasy Fabric Appendices Notes Acknowledgments Bibliography Index vi Sons of the White Eagle