The Last Days of the Jerusalem of Lithuania: Chronicles from the Vilna Ghetto and the Camps 1939-1944

About this book

For five horrifying years in Vilna the Vilna ghetto and concentration camps in Estonia Herman Kruk recorded his own experiences as well as the life and death of the Jewish community of the city symbolically called The Jerusalem of Lithuania. This unique chronicle includes many recovered pages of Kruks diaries and provides a powerful eyewitness account of the annihilation of the Jewish communities of Eastern Europe. This volume includes the Yiddish edition of Kruks diaries published in 1961 and translated here for the first time as well as many widely scattered pages of the chronicles collected here for the first time and meticulously deciphered translated and annotated. Kruk describes vividly the collapse of Poland in September 1939 life as a refugee in Vilna the manhunt that destroyed most of Vilna Jewry in the summer of 1941 the creation of a ghetto and the persecution and self-rule of the remnants of the Jerusalem of Lithuania the internment of the last survivors in concentration camps in Estonia and their brutal deaths. Kruk scribbled his final diary entry on September 17 1944 managing to bury the small loose pages of his manuscript just hours before he and other camp inmates were shot to death and their bodies burnt on a pyre. Kruks writings illuminate the tragedy of the Vilna Jews and their courageous efforts to maintain an ideological social and cultural life even as their world was being destroyed. To read Kruks day-by-day account of the unfolding of the Holocaust is to discern the possibilities for human courage and perseverance even in the face of profound fear. Co-published with the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research