The Transcendence of the Ego

First published in France in 1936 as a journal article The Transcendence of the Ego was one of Jean-Paul Sartres earliest philosophical publications. When it appeared Sartre was still largely unknown working as a school teacher in provincial France and struggling to find a publisher for his most famous fictional work Nausea. The Transcendence of the Ego is the outcome of Sartres intense engagement with the philosophy of Edmund Husserl the founder of phenomenology. Here as in many subsequent writings Sartre embraces Husserls vision of phenomenology as the proper method for philosophy. But he argues that Husserls conception of the self as an inner entity behind conscious experience is mistaken and phenomenologically unfounded. The Transcendence of the Ego offers a brilliant diagnosis of where Husserl went wrong and a radical alternative account of the self as a product of consciousness situated in the world. This essay introduces many of the themes central to Sartres major work Being and Nothingness: the nature of consciousness the problem of self-knowledge other minds anguish. It demonstrates their presence and importance in Sartres thinking from the very outset of his career. This fresh translation makes this classic work available again to students of Sartre phenomenology existentialism and twentieth century philosophy. It includes a thorough and illuminating introduction by Sarah Richmond placing Sartres essay in its philosophical and historical context.